Liquid fuel applying to various combustion systems with high heating value, high volatile, low pollution and low price

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a liquid fuel blended by dissolving crude pentane into the heavy oil with different proportions, and applied to different combustion system respectively; the fuel thus formed is easily dissolved, volatilized, atomized and vaporized into fine vapor articles, so it will burn completely to not only increase the heat value but also reduce the pollution without producing the dense smoke like common heavy oil combustion furnace. In addition, alkanes with low price, low octane value and high volatility substitute or blend with the crude pentane to become a liquid fuel having suitable initial boiling point, viscosity and fluidity as well as low price and low pollution, which is much better than common diesel oil.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] Field of the Invention

[0002] Firstly, Most industrial combustion systems burn heavy oil owingto its low price and safe storage, however, heavy oil has a too highboiling point to vaporize, as that of A-class heavy oil is 388° C., andB and C-class heavy oil as high as 480° C. Heavy oil is usuallyincompletely vaporized and burned with large atomized articles due toits little volatility and high viscosity, consequently, thoughcombustion furnaces adopt high-pressure spraying and rotary types toenhance atomization, much of the heat value is lost and dense smokeproduced by incomplete burning will cause pollution.

[0003] Secondly, being the most useless in the productions of oilrefining, the crude pentane is usually destroyed by burning on the topof high tower, but it dissolves the heavy oil with considerablevolatility, super atomization and evaporability. Boiling point from 25°C. to 60° C., it may be stored under normal temperature without needinghigh-pressure steel cylinder, therefore it is absolutely a wasteutilization with lower cost than heavy oil; Alternatively, crude pentaneis partially or completely replaced by inexpensive alkane (hexane,heptane, octane and nonane) with low octane value (high cetane value)and high volatility (alkane alone or blend with more than two kinds ofalkane). Lower in cost and limited in use as unable to be blended withgasoline due to its low octane value, alkane may become a liquid fuelwith low price and low pollution in proper initial boiling point,viscosity and fluidity according to different conditions of storage andspecial requirements of combustion systems; in addition, it may be madeinto high, medium and low octane value fuels for high, medium and lowspeed diesel oil engines respectively because the low octane value(normal hexane octane 25, normal heptane 0, normal octane −19) of crudepentane is its high cetane value, like kerosene octane value 25˜35,cetane value 47.

[0004] In the view of conditions above, the inventor of the presentinvention devoted himself to dissolving heavy oil in appropriate amountof crude pentane, and after many experiments, at last invented variousliquid fuels suitable for all kinds of combustion systems (includingvarious combustion furnaces and diesel oil engines), which arecharacterized with complete combustion, high volatility, high heat valueand low pollution as well as lower the cost through utilizing waste,hereby apply for the patent for implementation and contribute todevelopment of the industry.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present invention is to provide a liquid fuel with highheating value, high volatility, low pollution and low price for allkinds of combustion systems with different formulas, and the liquid fuelis in low price and low pollution in proper initial boiling point,viscosity and fluidity based on different conditions of storage andspecial requirements of combustion systems.

[0006] The other purpose of the present invention is to provide a liquidfuel with high heat value, high volatility, low pollution and low pricesuitable for all types of combustion systems, and to substitute dieseloil based on its different formulas in diesel oil engines with high,medium and low speeds.

[0007] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a liquidfuel with high heat value, high volatility, low pollution and low pricesuitable for all types of combustion system, hereby saving resources byutilization of the waste.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The present invention makes crude pentane a dissolvent, in whichheavy oil is dissolved to form a solution, which improves the volatilityand reduces viscosity of heavy oil; the blending proportion of them isas follows: Crude pentane 90%˜10% Heavy oil 10%˜90%

[0009] The formulas of perfect embodiment suitable for differentcombustion furnaces are: Crude pentane heavy oil (1) Chlorinationcombustion furnace 80% 20% (2) Oil pressure spraying combustion furnace50% 50% (3) Rotary type combustion furnace 30% 70%

[0010] Part or all of the crude pentane above are replaceable withlow-price alkane having low octane value and high volatility, such ashexane, heptane, octane and nonane. Having a boiling point between 60°C. and 220° C., crude pentane is extremely inexpensive and useless dueto its low octane value and impossibility to be blended with gasoline.(The above is made of one alkane only or more than two kinds of alkane).

[0011] Additionally, putting into the liquid fuel of the presentinvention certain or all paraffin with low octane value and high cetanevalue, such as hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, hendecane anddodecane, will reduce the octane value and increase cetane value, and asits low octane value (normal hexane 25, normal heptane 0, normal octane019) is high cetane value, such as cetane value of kerosene 25-35,cetane value 47, therefore, the liquid fuel may be blended to substitutethe diesel oil for the diesel oil engine and also achieve high heatvalue, low cost and low pollution.—The liquid fuel described above ismade up of one single alkane or more than two kinds of alkane.—Theformula of preferred embodiment for the liquid fuel is suitable forhigh, medium and low speed diesel oil engine with the details asfollows:

[0012] (1) The fuel suitable for high-speed diesel engines: Hexane  0%Heptane 30% Octane 60% Heavy oil 10%

[0013] According to tests, the fuel of this formula, with the cetanevalue between 40-60, is suitable for high-speed diesel engines.

[0014] (2) The fuel suitable for medium-speed diesel engines: Crudepentane 10% Hexane 10% Heptane 20% Octane 10% Nonane  5% Decane  5%Heavy oil 25%

[0015] Its cetane value is between 35-45.

[0016] (3) The fuel suitable for low-speed diesel engines: Crude pentane10% Hexane 10% Heptane 10% Octane 10% Nonane  5% Devane  5% Undecane  5%Dodecane  5% Heavy oil 40%

[0017] The fuel of this formula, with the cetane value reduced to lessthan 35, is suitable for low-speed diesel engines.

[0018] The above heavy oil is a kind of A-class heavy oil, such ascommon diesel, high grade diesel, biodiesel or biological greases (e.g.soybean oil, peanut oil, animal oil, waste animal and vegetable oil) andderivant of biological grease (e.g. soybean oil, peanut oil, animal oil,and derivant like waste animal and vegetable oil), or is substituted bythe compound of more than two elements mentioned above. When it is usedfor high, medium or low-speed diesel engines, the heavy oil rate will beadjusted higher within 90%.

[0019] The technical parameters provided in the invention are the basicdata of preferred embodiment, wherein 3%˜5% allowance is acceptable. Inall, in low price and low pollution, the liquid fuel blended on thebasis of crude pentane, heavy oil and the alkane with low price, lowoctane value (high cetane value) and high volatility (the boiling pointis 60° C.˜220° C.) has appropriate initial boiling point, viscosity andfluidity according to the different storage conditions and the specificrequirements of different combustion systems; Otherwise, the alkane withhigh cetane value, such as hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane,undecane, and dodecane etc. (with one single alkane or more than twokinds of alkane), is blended with or replacing crude pentane in thebasic formula of heavy oil, to constitute a liquid fuel for dieselengine in the place of diesel. No matter how the formula is adjusted, itis still covered by the present invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A liquid fuel with high heat value, highvolatility, low pollution and low price suitable for all kinds ofcombustion systems, wherein the heavy oil is dissolved into crudepentane to apply to different combustion systems with differentproportions; after being dissolved into the crude pentane, the heavy oilhas a higher volatility, a lower viscosity, which makes the fuel easilydissolved and dispersed, and results in fine vapor articles throughvolatilization, atomization and vaporization, thus it will burncompletely not only to increase the heat value, but also eliminatepollution; thereof the ideal range of crude pentane and heavy oil is:Crude pentane 90%˜10% Heavy oil 10%˜90%


2. A liquid fuel with high heat value, high volatility, low pollutionand low price suitable for all kinds of combustion systems according toclaim 1, wherein mainly different blended proportions of crude pentaneand heavy oil are used for different combustion systems; its idealproportion is as follows: Crude Heavy pentane oil (1) Suitable forchlorination combustion furnace 80% 20% (2) Suitable for oil pressurespraying combustion 50% 50% furnace (3) Suitable for rotary typecombustion furnace 30% 70%


3. A liquid fuel with high heat value, high volatility, low pollutionand low price suitable for all kinds of combustion systems according toclaim 1, wherein crude pentane will be partly or completely substitutedby the alkane with low price, low octane value (high cetane value), andhigh volatility, such as hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane,undecane, and dodecane etc. (the boiling point is 60° C.˜220° C.), madeup of one single alkane or two kinds of alkane, which are blended to aliquid fuel of low price and low pollution with appropriate initialboiling point, viscosity and fluidity, according to different storageconditions and specific requirements of different combustion system. 4.A liquid fuel with high heat value, high volatility, low pollution andlow price suitable for all kinds of combustion systems according toclaim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the heavy oil is a oil product suchas waste engine oil, waste oil sludge, waste solvent, and waste edibleoil, and becomes a high grade liquid fuel with low price, low pollutionand high combustibility by mixing crude pentane, hexane, heptane,octane, nonane, decane, undecane, and dodecane etc.
 5. A liquid fuelwith high heat value, high volatility, low pollution and low pricesuitable for all kinds of combustion systems, which bases on dissolvingheavy oil into crude pentane, followed by proper amount of a alkane withhigh cetane value (low octane value) or using said alkane to completelysubstitute crude pentane such as hexane, heptane, octane, nonane,decane, undecane, and dodecane (made up of any single alkane or morethan two kinds of alkanes), thereby it will be blended to be suitablefor high, medium and low speed diesel engines to replace diesel with alower octane value and a highe cetane value.
 6. A liquid fuel with highheat value, high volatility, low pollution and low price suitable forall kinds of combustion system according to claim 5, wherein properamount of hexane, heptane, octane and nonane etc. (the boiling point is60° C.˜220° C.) are added into said fuel or used to replace crudepentane in order to be respectively suit for diesel engines on high,medium and low speeds, and the proportions of the three formulae are asfollows: a) A fuel suitable for high-speed diesel engine: Hexane  0%Heptane 30% Octane 60% Heavy oil 10%

According to the test, the fuel of the above formula with the cetanevalue between 40 and 60 is suitable for the high-speed diesel engine; b)A fuel suitable for medium-speed diesel engine: Crude pentane  5% Hexane10% Heptane 25% Octane 30% Nonane  5% Decane  5% Heavy oil 25%

Its cetane value is between 35 and 45; (3) A fuel suitable for low-speeddiesel engine: Crude pentane 10% Hexane 10% Heptane 10% Octane 10%Nonane  5% Decane  5% Undecane  5% Dodecane  5% Heavy oil 40%

The fuel of this formula with the cetane value reduced to less than 35is suitable for low-speed diesel engine.
 7. A liquid fuel with high heatvalue, high volatility, low pollution and low price suitable for allkinds of combustion systems according to claim 6, wherein said heavy oilis a kind of A-class heavy oil such as common diesel, high grade diesel,biodiesel or biological grease (e.g. soybean oil, peanut oil, animaloil, waste animal or vegetable oil) and derivant of biological grease(e.g. the derivant of soybean oil, peanut oil, animal oil, and wasteanimal and vegetable oil), or is substituted by the compound of morethan two elements; when it is used for high, medium and low speed dieselengines, the heavy oil rate will be adjusted higher but not more than90%.